Name
_________________________________________________
THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/index.html
Read the instructions and then go to the links at the bottom of this page to
activate various kinds of experiments that can be done with this applet.
Experimental Instructions
This applet is designed to simulate the diffusion process which occurs when
gases of different temperatures are mixed. To activate the mixing click one time
on the red vertical bar that separates the two chambers. After a few moments,
the bar will turn green and the gases will start to mix and share their energy.
The counters in the respective chambers indicate the number of particles in that
chamber. The thermometers will start to change temperature as the mixing process
is occurring. Eventually both chambers will reach the same temperature.
In order for this simulation to properly run - its important that the user
not be doing other activities on the machine as this will interfere with the
timing aspects of the experiment.
Different initial conditions are setup in a series of
experiments and questions related to that experiment can be found underneath the
apparatus.
Exercises
for the First Experiment:
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/therm1a.html
- Write down the initial temperatures for each of the
two chambers. _____________oC and ____________ oC
- What is the temperature difference in the two
chambers? _______Co
- How many particles are in each chamber initially?
__________ and _________
Start timing with a stopwatch as you "Click" once on the vertical red
bar (and WAIT!); observe the mixing of the gases.
- What do you think the final equilibrium temperature
will be? __________________ oC
- Why are there more particles transferred to the cold
side than the warm side when you first start mixing the gases between the
chambers?
_______________________________________________________________________________
- How long does it take for the temperature to
equilibrate (both chambers have the same Temperature)? ____________________
- After equilibrium is reached close the chamber door
and raise the temperature in the right chamber to 900 degrees. Re-open the
chamber to determine what the new equilibrium temperature is. _____________
oC
Exercises
for the Second Experiment:
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/therm1b.html
- Write down the initial temperatures for each of the
two chambers. _____________oC and _________ oC
- How many particles are in each chamber initally?
__________ and _________
- What is the temperature difference in the two
chambers? _______Co
Start timing with a stopwatch as you "Click" once on the
vertical red bar (and WAIT!); observe the mixing of the gases.
- What do you think the final equilibrium temperature
will be? ___________________
- Will this system take a longer or a shorter time to
equilibrate than the previous one? __________
Why? _______________________________________________________________________
Exercises
for the Third Experiment:
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/therm1c.html
- Write down the initial temperatures for each of the
two chambers. _____________oC and _________ oC
- How many particles are in each chamber initally?
__________ and _________
- What is the temperature difference in the two
chambers? _______Co
Start timing with a stopwatch as you "Click" once on the
vertical red bar (and WAIT!); observe the mixing of the gases.
- What do you think the final equilibrium temperature
will be? ____________oC
- Will this system take a longer or a shorter time to
equilibrate than experiment 2 which had the same temperature difference as
this one. ____________ Why? ________________
Exercises
for the Fourth Experiment:
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/therm1d.html
- Write down the initial temperatures for each of the
two chambers. _____________oC and _________ oC
- What is the temperature difference in the two
chambers? _______Co
- How many particles are in each chamber initally?
__________ and _________
Start timing with a stopwatch as you "Click" once on the
vertical red bar (and WAIT!); observe the mixing of the gases.
- What do you think the final equilibrium temperature
will be? ______________oC
- Will this system reach equilibrium faster or slower
than it took in the First experiment with the same temperature difference?
__________________________
- Compare the rate of temperature change on the left and
right sides? ___________________is faster.
Why are they so different?
____________________________________________________________
- Refresh this Experiment and time how long it takes for
about 125 particles to exist in each chamber and note the temperature
difference the first time this occurs. ________________seconds,
____________Co
Exercises
for the Fifth Experiment:
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/therm1da.html
- Write down the initial temperatures for each of the
two chambers. _____________oC and _________ oC
- What is the temperature difference in the two
chambers? _______Co
- How many particles are in each chamber initally?
__________ and _________
- What do you think the final equilibrium temperature
will be? ________________
- This system is the reverse of what you did in the
Fourth experiment. Again, note when there are about 125 particles in each
chamber and what the temperature difference is at that time.
______________ seconds, ______________Co
- Why is this behavior different than you observed in
the Fourth experiment?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercises
for the Sixth Experiment:
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/therm1e.html
- Write down the initial temperatures for each of the
two chambers. _____________oC and _________ oC
- What is the temperature difference in the two
chambers? _______Co
- How many particles are in each chamber initally?
__________ and _________
Click once on the vertical red bar (and WAIT!); observe the mixing of the
gases
- What do you think will happen to the temperature in
the right chamber? __________________________
- What do you think will happen to the two particles in
the left chamber? ___________________________
- How long will it take the left chamber to have a
temperature that is within 10 percent of the right chamber?
______________________________________________________________________________________
Exercises
for the Seventh Experiment:
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/Thermodynamics/therm1f.html
You should "refresh" Netscape/Internet Explorer for this Simple Experiment - its
a game to subvert the laws of physics - try to get all the particles on one side
or the other and then close the chambers. Initially try to do this without
adding energy to the system. If this fails, do the following: You may adjust the
temperatures of the chambers by grabbing the thermometer with the pointer and
moving it. Can you figure out the scheme to get all the particles to one side,
It is possible ...
Describe the scheme(s) that you used to accomplish this task?